Breech sight for ordnance and machine guns



Sept. 18, 1928. 1,684,681

K. PETSCHENIG BREECH SIGHT FOR ORDNANCE AND MACHINE GUNS Filed D66. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 18, 1928. I 1,684,681

K. PETSCHENIG BREECH SIGHT FOR ORDNANCE AND MACHINE GUNS Filed Dec. 5, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. 18, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

KARL rETsoHnNIc, or V NN nrrs'i nm, ASSIGNOR TO 0. P. GOERZ OPTISCHE AN- STALT, AKTIENGESVEIJLSCHAFT, AKCIOVA SPOLECNOSI. x. P. connz OPTICKY USTAV,

on BRATISLAVA," czEcHosLovAxm.

BREECH SIGHT FOR ORDN AN CE AND MACHINE GUNS.

Application-filed December 5,1925, Serial N 0.73370, and in Germany December 15, 1924.

This invention relates to breech sights for ordnance and machine guns. The total elevation at any time required, for which such sights have to be adjusted, more particularly in firing on targets covered from sight, is in general the sum of two angles, the ground angle, and the firing angle; and the object of my invention is to so construct the breech sight that the adjustment-for each of these angles-can be made rapidlyand separately. This is realized accord ng, to the present invention by positively connecting the sight telescope carrier, provide d with alongitudinal and transverse water, level, with a worm wheel sector rotatable arounda horizontal axis at right angles to the sight line. Into the teeth of which sector engages .a worm, rotatable by means of a handle disc. The angle through which the said wormhas been turned maybe read on a circular scale secured to the handle disc, by means of a pointer mounted on a sleeve rotatable around the worm spindle. T his:sleeve is held fast on the worm spindle by a. releasable frictional clutch, the rotatiomrelatively to the carrier secured to the fire arm, being read on a second circular division- An embodiment of the invention asappliedto a machine gun isillustrated by way otexample in the annexed drawings.

Fig. l is a side elevation partly in longitudinal section, Fig. 2 is a plan view,

Fig. 3 is the main transverse section,

Fig. 4 isa transverse section though the ground angle scale drum on the line 44 Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the firing angle scale drum on the line B, B Fig. l and Figs. 6 and 7 are a longitudinal section and a plan view respectively, of another constructional form of the scale. drum or sleeves with an automatic locking device. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view on line (i -6 of Fig. 6.

The yoke 2 secured to the machine gun 1. carries in a socket at right angles to the axis of the'bore, a journal pin 3 rotatable in this socket on which is mounted a worm wheel sector 4 secured to the telescope carrier F. Into the teeth of the worm wheel sector rotatably journalled in a casing 2 mounted on the yoke, there engages a worm 5 to the square end 5? of which a handle disc 6 is secured. This handle disc is provided with a circular scale 6* and carries on its stepped part a screw thread 6 into which engages a sector of a nut 7, which on turning the handle disc moves in the longitudinal slot of a drum or sleeve 8 concentric to the worm 5, so that each full revolution of the worm may be read by means of a mark 7 provided on the nut sector 7, on a scale 8 provided on both sides of the longitudinal slot, while each fraction of a complete revolution of the worm may be exactly read on the circular scale 6, by means of a mark 8 provided on the edge 8 of the. handle disc. In view of the fact that this drum 8 is rotatable, it is preferable, for facilitating the reading, that three of such slots carrying scales be provided at distances of 120 and also three marks. The drum 8 is provided at its right hand end with a helical groove 8 into which engages a nut sector 9, which latter is movable axially only, .in a longitudinal slot of a tubular extension 10 mounted on the worm sector casing 2 by turning the drum 8 by means of its grasping edge 8". This nut sector 9 too, is provided with a mark9, indicating the extent to which the sleeve has been turned, on a scale 8 engraved between the turns of the helical groove. Theright hand end of the drum 8 is provided with a concentric threaded bore into which, after a pressure sprin 11 has been inserted thereinto, the threaded ring 12 is screwed. .This ring is provided on its annular face with fine radial teeth, Z (Fig. 1) which teeth engage, under the action of the spring 11 with nicely fitting teeth on the ring 13, secured to the worm spindle and serving at the same time as its journal pin, in the tubular extension 10 of the worm sector casing 2. From this arrangement there results the independence of the adjustments of the two scales, constituting the essence of the invention. The operation of this arrangement is as follows In case of visible targets, the target seen under a certain ground angle is sighted by means of the telescope so that the optical sight line is inclined to the ground at an angle. This therefore need not be further considered for which reason the ground angle scale 6, 8 is adjusted to zero by means of the marks 8 and 7 This is done by drawing out the drum 8 by means of its grasping edge, the spring being overcome and the radialfteeth of the ringsilQand 13 being brought outo tengagement with each other. Then the firing angle, correspoml-ing to the distance ofthe target (that .is.. to .say the angle between. the litlinc.a,ii,rl .-tl.leiiiis of the "bore of the gu ii isadjus'ted by "simultaneously turning the grasping edges 6 and 8 held, in engagement by-the pressure of the spring 11, thus adjusting the mark 9 directly to'the distance of-bhef-target along the distance scale 8. By operating the elevating screw of'the maehine gun, the target is brought into the sig-ht-line,-"where-by the axis of the bore-is brought to therequired total elevation.

'On firing on targets hidden from sight, however,.the ground angle determined in any suitable-way, is indicated-on'the =scale (Rand -i8 by means of themarks s and'l, by turning the two grasping-edges 6:- a nd-8", after the :rings 12 and have been disengaged fromeach other. Then by simultaneously turning the two grasping-edges the distance 'of the target,vdetermincd -in any suitable manner, is adjustedon the' distance scale 8 by means of the mark Sig-and then by means of the elevating screw of the machine gun, the longitudinal water level provided on the telescope is adjusted to the horizontal.

In view of the shocks, producedon firi-ng, it is desirable-to lock the'parts in the position to which they areadjusted as'is indicated in the constructional form shown in Figs. 6 and 7. lIn these views-the ring 12 screwed fast in-the drum 8 bears, with its *face *flat' against the face ofthe supporting ring 13", secured 'onfthe worm spindle, whereas the sleeve 6 securedon the square; part of the-worin spindle I5 carries on its periphery, fine spur "teeth 6 'into which engage the "internal teeth of the axially movable 'han'd-lersleeve -G. "These internal "teeth, however, simultaneously engage, completely into similar external teeth 8- ofthe'drum'S so, that thelatteris .positively clutched'to the sleeve 6. The hub of the handle sleeve .G is hollowand encloses the pressure spring 11 which'bears on the one'hand against one end face, of the hollow hub and on the other hand against a plate'5 resemblingapiston on the worm spindle, and thus holdsithe handle sleeve in the clutching position shown.

"For adjustingthe ground angle on'the scale 6 and '8 by means of the marks 8 and 7 the handle sleeve 9 is pulled out until the teeth of the drum 8 becomes fully visible whereby the engagement with the sleeve 6 is released, so that .the two parts are'now 'free to rotate relatively to each other. After the adjustment of the scales, the internal teeth of the handle sleeve G are pushed over the external teeth of the drum 8 with the assistance'of the spring, whereby the adjustment-of this scale-is locked. In order to' also look the adjustment of the ele -vati0n angle on the scale 8 by the mark 9 .the annularfront edge of the handle sleeve G is .provided with radial; teeth "G :pendently of the adjiustment ofi the ground angle, the handle sleeve being drawn out to the slight: extent of the axial length of the radial teeth G.

-()f course the scale 6, 8 may also be used as the-firing angle scale and the scale 8 as theground angle scale.

-W-hat I claim is:

1. In a breech sight for ordnance and machine guns'the' combination of a telescope a-n'd=a telescope carrier -with a single gearing comprising aavor'm and a-worm w-heel sectorfor. turning the telescope-around a horizontal =airis perpendicular to thesight'line, means for indicating the ground angle-and nieans'ior indicating the firing angle, each of such means comprising a'scale-and a mark associated thereto, 'an inner sleeve secured to the said worm, an outer sleeve surrounding such inner sleeve, a releasable clutch interposed between thesaid-sleeves, screw threads on such sleeves, nntsectors engaging into the screw threads of the sleeves, one of suchnutsectorsprojecting through -.a longitudinal'slot inthe said' outer sleeve "and the other nut sector projecting through-a longitudinal slot of a, part of the carrier.

In a 'breech sight for ordnance and nachine guns the-combinationofa telescope and a telescope carrier with asingle gearing comprising a worm and a worm-wheel sector forturning the telescope around-a horizontal axis perpendicular to the sight line, means for indicating the ground angle and means for indicating the firing angle, each of-such means comprising a scale and a mark associatedthereto, an inner sleeve secured to the said worm, an outer sleeve surrounding such inner sleeve, a releasable clutch interposed between the said sleeves, screw threads on such sleeves, nut sectors engaging into the screw threads of the sleeves, one of such .nutsectors projecting through a longitudinal slot in the outer sleeve and the other nut sector projecting through a longitudinal slot of a part of the carrier, a grasping sleeve adapted to move axially and operatively connected with the said clutch and a lock bolt secured to the carrier of the back sight and adapted to engage said graspin sleeve.

"In testimony whereof I have afii xed my signature.

KARL PETSGHEN-IG. 

